外交学院硕士研究生入学考试专业课样题――翻译（中译英及英译中）（代码404）
Thistestpaperconsistsoftwoparts,namely,EnglishintoChinesetranslationandChineseintoEnglishtranslation.Thetotalhoursofworkis3hours.10×15＝150pointsPartOne:EnglishintoChineseTranslation
Directions:Translatethefollowing2passagesintoChinese;readthewholetextscarefullytogetageneralimpressionofthecontentsandgiveyourtranslationsinthesheetslocallyprovided.Tofacilitategrading,thetextshavebeenbrokenintogroupsofsentences,eachgroupbeinggivenaserialnumber,therefore,whenyouwriteyourversions,youMUSTQUOTEtheserialnumberalso,putthenumberbeforeeachversion.Pleasewriteneatlyandintelligibly.
Passage1:
⑴Thenewenvironmentalhealthproblemsaremultiple-createdbyradiationinallitsforms,bornofthenever-endingstreamofchemicalsofwhichpesticidesareapart,chemicalsnowpervadingtheworldinwhichwelive,actinguponusdirectlyandindirectly,separatelyandcollectively.Theirpresencecastsashadowthatisnolessominousbecauseitisformlessandobscure,nolessfrighteningbecauseitissimplyimpossibletopredicttheeffectsoflifetimeexposuretochemicalandphysicalagentsthatarenotpartofthebiologicalexperienceofman.
⑵“Weallliveunderthehauntingfearthatsomethingmaycorrupttheenvironmenttothepointwheremanjoinsthedinosaursasanobsoleteformoflife,”saysDr.DavidPriceoftheUnitedStatesPublicHealthService.“Andwhatmakesthesethoughtsallthemoredisturbingistheknowledgethatourfatecouldperhapsbesealedtwentyormoreyearsbeforethedevelopmentofsymptoms.
⑶Wheredopesticidesfitintothepictureofenvironmentaldisease?Wehaveseenthattheynowcontaminatesoil,water,andfood,thattheyhavethepowertomakeourstreamsfishlessandourgardensandwoodlandssilentandbirdless.Man,howevermuchhemayliketopretendthecontrary,ispartofnature.Canheescapeapollutionthatisnowsothoroughlydistributedthroughoutourworld?
⑷Weknowthatevensingleexposurestothesechemicals,iftheamountislargeenough,canprecipitateacutepoisoning.Butthisisnotthemajorproblem.Thesuddenillnessordeathoffarmers,spraymen,pilots,andothersexposedtoappreciablequantitiesofpesticidesaretragicandshouldnotoccur.Forthepopulationasawhole,wemustbemoreconcernedwiththedelayedeffectsofabsorbingsmallamountsofthepesticidesthatinvisiblycontaminateourworld.
⑸Responsiblepublichealthofficialshavepointedoutthatthebiologicaleffectsofchemicalsarecumulativeoverlongperiodsoftime,andthatarehazardtotheindividualmaydependonthesumoftheexposuresreceivedthroughouthislifetime.Fortheseveryreasonsthedangeriseasilyignored.Itishumannaturetoshrugoffwhatmayseemtousavaguethreatoffuturedisaster.“Menarenaturallymostimpressedbydiseaseswhichhaveobviousmanifestations,”saysawisephysician,Dr.RenéDubos,yetsomeoftheirworstenemiescreeponthemunobtrusively.
Passage2:
⑹Longer-rangeassessmentsneedtodisentangletheshorttermpreoccupationsandactionsandimposesomekindofframeworkofexplanationwithoutbecomingunnecessarilydistractedbytheshorttermorimmediateactions.Decisions,whicharethecomponentpartsofpolicy,haveacontext.Itisessentialthereforetoanalysewhetherasimilarmoveordecisionhasbeenmadebythatcountrybeforeorwhetheritisanapparentdepartureinpolicy.
⑺Again,anassessmentoftheimportanceofahigh-levelvisitmustnotonlytakeintoaccountthelevelatwhichitwasconducted,theextenttowhichthevisitwasperhapslargelyceremonialandthescopeoftheagenda,butalsomeasureitagainstwhat,ifanything,wasachievedinthelastanalogousvisit.
Injournalisticassessments,preoccupationwiththeday-to-dayaspectsofforeignpolicyinevitablyaffectsthemetaphorsofexplanation.Forexample,themetaphoroftheUnitedStates‘playingtheChinacard’isoftenusedinthecontextofSino-Americanrelations.
⑻AssessmentsofRussianFederationpolicytendtofocusexcessivelyonleadershippolitics,attemptingtoseesplitsbetween‘conservatives’and‘reformers’.Metaphorsofthistypehavetheeffectofobscuringothermoreprobableorcomplexreasonsforbehavioursuchasorganizational,bureaucratic,historicalandexternalinfluences.Foreignpolicyisoftenconductedatmultiplelevels.Theaudiencecanbeinternalorexternal,regionalorinternational,publicorprivate.
PartTwo:ChineseintoEnglishTranslation
Directions:Translatethefollowing3passagesintoEnglish;readthewholetextscarefullytogetageneralimpressionofthecontentsandgiveyourtranslationsinthesheetslocallyprovided.Tofacilitategrading,thetextshavebeenbrokenintogroupsofsentences,eachgroupbeinggivenaserialnumber,therefore,whenyouwriteyourversions,youMUSTQUOTEtheserialnumberalso,putthenumberbeforeeachversion.Pleasewriteneatlyandintelligibly.
Passage3:
(9)我见到的多数美国人，通情达理，对中国挺友好，但也有少数人对中国有偏见。丁孝文记下一段他与一位自称当过美国大使的老太太的对话，寥寥数笔刻画出美国少数搞政治的人的傲慢与自以为是。
(10)美国是发达国家，先进的东西比较多，中国的东西能得到美国人的称赞本来是件好事。中国也有理由为自己悠久的历史和改革开放最新的成果感到自豪。但总有少数人，过分热衷于用外国人，特别是美国人的一些说法来抬高自己，这实在大可不必。
(11)外国的说法，不管多么中听，如果要引用，也最好稍稍考证一下。美国大兵人手一册《
[url=http://book.kaoyantj.com/kaoyanbook_search.asp?shuming=孙子兵法&xuanze=2]孙子兵法[/url]
》参加海湾战争，西点军校高挂雷锋像，这些说法曾为许多人津津乐道，丁孝文经过核实确认，这不是事实。读读本书中“美国人的说法就那么重要？”也许会有些启发。
Passage4:
(12)半个多世纪前，我们的先辈曾经聚集在一起，建立了联合国。58年来，联合国在维护世界和地区和平，推动人类进步发展方面的成就有目共睹。《
[url=http://book.kaoyantj.com/kaoyanbook_search.asp?shuming=联合国宪章&xuanze=2]联合国宪章[/url]
》中“彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处”，“促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生”等精神，已被国际社会广泛认同。
(13)中国认为，在当前的形势下，应该继续坚持和切实遵守《
[url=http://book.kaoyantj.com/kaoyanbook_search.asp?shuming=联合国宪章&xuanze=2]联合国宪章[/url]
》的宗旨和原则，并最终实现国际关系民主化和法制化，实现世界各国的共存共国的共存共嬴。
联合国是这个世界的缩影，一个强有力的联合国是世界希望之所在。为了建立人类美好的未来，首先应该把这里变成一个相互合作的舞台，而非彼此指责的角斗场。
(14)任何国家都不是由圣人组成的，都没有权利向他人投出偏见的石子。
为此，我们应该抛弃一切傲慢、隔阂和狭隘，让和谐、理解与宽容，成为这个大厅里永恒的主旋律；让“海纳百川，有容乃大”的精神，成为每一个成员国的座右铭。
(15)凡与西人论事，总要先将条款看明，自占地步，乃与争辩；我持论既正，不妨且直视之，而又稍留余地，俾其有机可转，自无不了之事；若一意随和，彼此谓得计，反滋论端矣。外人情性欺弱畏强，喜直忌曲；我真自强，彼已心折，我只率直，彼亦心说而服之亦。知其故耶？
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